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SoliSense – Suspended Solids Sensor
Whatever level of suspended solids from 2 NTU all the way up to >8% solids, the SoliSense® is the solution. A sophisticated sensor that ranges from 2 NTU to 8% solids (in wastewater, up to 50% in other solids), this suspended solids monitor is the solution, and is unique in its ability to measure from low NTU to percent solids in one sensor.
Suitable for wastewater, potable water monitoring, mixed liquor suspended solids monitoring, return activated sludge, centrate monitoring, filtrate monitoring, sludge, and many more applications where a traditional turbidimeter or suspended solids analyser would be used. The suspended solids sensor can be fitted with an auto-cleaning function that blasts either water or air across the optical windows keeping them clean.
With the SoliSense® range of Suspended Solids monitors you get a world class sensor (patented).
Suspended Solids Monitor 3D View
Principle of Operation – No Zero!
Each SoliSense®suspended solids monitor is fitted with a light source and two detectors for making the measurements. Having two detectors, positioned at different distances from the light source, allows the sensor to be used over a wide range of suspended solids concentrations. The light source is a long life infra-red LED emitter (providing for 15 years working life). The detectors are matched photodiodes which are positioned to detect backscattered light, that is light that is scattered by >90°. By measuring back scattered light the sensor can be used to detect low and high concentrations of solids. This configuration allows accurate and reliable measurements of suspended solids concentrations and turbidity to be made.
Calibration of the SoliSense®for turbidity measurements or measurements of samples with low concentrations of solids is very easy, requiring a single calibration sample. This sample can either be a reading from another method, or a suitable standard. The analyser calibrates the sensor by a procedure that reduces the light output through four stages, taking measurements at each. This process provides an accurate and reliable zero and span without the requirement to use a ‘0’ NTU/solids sample.
Calibration of the SoliSense®for the measurement of samples with high concentrations of solids uses a multi-point calibration for the most accurate results. Up to 5 calibration points can be used to give an accurate performance across a wide range of sample concentrations.
The SoliSense®suspended solids analyser can be mounted on the end of a pole for dip mounting in a channel or tank, or inserted into a pipe via a valve which allows for retraction/removal of the sensor without shutting down the process.
Key Benefits
Applications
Options
FAQs
Focus On
Downloads
- From 2 NTU to 8% Solids
- Displays in NTU, mg/l, g/l or % solids –flexible
- Auto-clean optical sensor –months without maintenance
- Stable and reliable –excellent process control
- Suitable for all potable, waste and process waters
- Up to 12 months between maintenance
- Up to 12 months between calibration
The SoliSense®suspended solids sensor is available with different controllers giving you the same great performance with different communication, display, and control options. With the SoliSense®range of online suspended solids analysers, you get everything that you need – and nothing that you don’t, without sacrificing the quality of measurement.
The use of a single sensor to robustly and accurately measure a large dynamic range of suspended solids allows for:
- Less spares –more commonality across a single or multiple sites
- No requirement to know the range prior to specifying –easier purchasing
- One online suspended solids analyser can be:
- Online mlss meter
- Online tss meter
- Online total suspended solids meter
- Online effluent monitor
- Online inlet monitor
- Online ‘in process’ suspended solids analyser
The SoliSense®suspended solids analyser has been designed specifically to be suitable for all wastewater applications.
- Inlet monitoring(turbidity 2-4,000 NTU)
- Effluent monitoring(suspended solids 0-1,000 mg/l)
Traditional monitoring applications where Pi tss monitors areparticularly suited:
- Online Suspended Solids Analyser
- Online RAS meter(Return Activated Sludge)
- Online MLSS meter(Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids)
- Online WAS meter(Waste Activated Sludge)
- Thickened sludge–Online total suspended solids meter
- Centrate–Online total suspended solids meter
- Filtrate–Online total suspended solids meter
- Wastewater Effluent–Online total suspended solids meter
- Wastewater Influent–Online total suspended solids meter for turbidity
Each probe is equipped with a light source and 2 detectors. The light source is a long-life infra-red LED emitter (providing for 15 years working life).
By using two detectors in a single probe it is possible to:
- Measure turbidity from 2 NTU to 4,000 NTU
- Measure solids from 0.001 to 80 g/l (8% solids) –Sludge
- Measure solids from 0.001 to 500 g/l (50% solids)–Silicates
The electronics provide a fully scalable output allowing the SoliSense®to measure any part, or the whole of the scale. The sensor probe comes equipped with the capability of having a water jet regularly sweep over the optical lenses keeping them clean. If you have an application that ranges from low NTU all the way to %age solids then the SoliSense®is certainly the suspended solids monitor for you! With up to 5 calibration points you can accurately monitor your process across a wide range of sample concentrations.
The probes are constructed of 316 stainless steel with sapphire optical windows, so can withstand demanding operating environments. If you want to monitor solids at any point in your wastewater treatment plant, this instrument has the self cleaning sensor and accessories to do it, even if other instruments have failed.
Options on the SoliSense®include:
- Self-cleaning(recommended)
- Dip kit(for open tank installation)
- Flow cell(for at line installation)
- Insertion kit(for installation in a pipe)
What are suspended solids?
Suspended solids are particles suspended in water. They occur naturally and can be seen for example in rivers after a rainfall event when the river appears ‘muddy’.
How is the measurement used in Water Treatment and Wastewater Treatment?
Water and wastewater treatment is largely about removing particles and organics, and then disinfecting water. Being able to measure suspended solids or turbidity can help in determining the best treatment, for example by measuring the suspended solids in the raw water coming in to a plant. Typically, suspended solids in waste water treatment has specific names such as MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) or RAS (Return Activated Sludge) etc. Measuring the suspended solids using an online suspended solids monitor around a wastewater treatment plant can provide vital information on the efficiency and efficacy of the treatment process.
What units do total suspended solids monitors measure in?
Typically, suspended solids are measured in mass per volume units such as mg/l or mgl-1. Sometimes when the solids are quite high they will be measured in g/l or %.
What is the relationship between suspended solids and turbidity?
Suspended solids is a ‘unit per volume measurement’ e.g. 1 mg of suspended solids in 1 litre of water. Turbidity is a measurement of ‘cloudiness’. Although each suspended material will have a different relationship (which will change over the range) a useful ‘rule of thumb’ is that 1 mg/L = 2 NTU although this can range from 1 mg/L = 0.5 NTU to 1 mg/L = 2 NTU.
Did you know Pi also manufacture and install a range of onlineTurbidity Analysers?
What is the highest level of solids you can measure with the tss meter?
This depends entirely on how ‘optically clean’ the medium is. So, for example, if we are measuring sand (silica) in a clean water suspension we can measure up to 50% solids or 500,000 mg/l. If, however, we are measuring black sludge in a wastewater plant it may be as low as 5% or 50,000 mg/l. Typically, in most wastewater works it is 8% or 80,000 mg/l.
What is the highest level of solids you can measure with the tss meter?
This depends entirely on how ‘optically clean’ the medium is. So, for example, if we are measuring sand (silica) in a clean water suspension we can measure up to 50% solids or 500,000 mg/l. If, however, we are measuring black sludge in a wastewater plant it may be as low as 5% or 50,000 mg/l. Typically, in most wastewater works it is 8% or 80,000 mg/l.
How will temperature affect the SoliSense® tss monitor?
Each SoliSense®has temperature compensation built in so the effect of temperature on the online total suspended solids meter measurement is negligible. It should be noted though that the SoliSense®is a large mass that can take time to reach thermal equilibrium so any process where the temperature is changing rapidly >2°C per 10 min could see some temperature effect on the reading.
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SoliSense® for TSS monitoring
Optical measurements for Total Suspended Solids monitoring have been available for many years and are used in many water, waste water, and industrial settings. However, did you know that…
…the use of multiple path lengths can extend the range of optical sensors?
…the use of longer wavelength emitters can reduce the effect of colour on the readings?
…the use of multiple emitter intensities can mean that no zero is required and can eliminate the effect of background light (patented by Pi)?
Total Suspended Solids Monitoring (TSS)
TSS monitoring is essential for controlling many industrial processes, especially in Waste Water Treatment plants when an understanding of the solids load and solids movement around the plant is essential to efficient plant outcomes.
The standard method of gravimetric sampling (passing a known volume of TSS containing water through a filter, then drying the filter and measuring the weight gain to give a measure of mass/volume – TSS) is slow and cumbersome and subject to errors, e.g. sampling errors. What is needed is a device that can measure the TSS continuously and online.
The most common devices are based on the measurement of the optical properties of the sample, commonly backscatter.
Multiple path lengths for the greatest range
There are some fundamental problems with using backscatter to measure TSS. The first is the range that a sensor can measure over. This is largely determined by the path length of the sensor. The longer the path length, the greater the sensitivity but the smaller the range.
This is because as solids increase, the backscatter (signal) increases but so does the attenuation (blocking) of the light until their effect is equal (the ‘hump’) after which attenuation increases until the signal is zero.
This means that a meaningful measure of TSS can be made going up the slope (measurement zone A)
andgoing down the slope (measurement zone B). The problem with this is that the different samples will have a ‘hump’ where measurements aren’t possible in different places.
For most manufacturers, the solution is to quite tightly define the range at which the sensor can operate. Pi’s SoliSense®suses two detectors of different path lengths to measure the widest possible range of TSS in a single sensor.
Using long wavelength emitters decreases the effect of colour
Devices that use shorter wavelengths (blue, green, white) are more affected by the absorption of those wavelengths by the solids in the sample. Effectively some of the signal is lost to absorption rather than being available to scatter. The SoliSense®uses an emitter at 860nm to minimise the absorption of the emitted light left to sample.
Using multiple emitter intensities allows for no zero, and the elimination of the effects of ambient light
Each time the SoliSense®takes a measurement it isn’t simply measuring the amount of backscattered light (which includes an element of ambient light). It changes the amount of light emitted to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. From there it records a gradient for each sample point. As it does this very quickly it can be assumed that the ambient light is constant and is therefore absent from the gradient (compensated out). In addition, doing this during a calibration allows the SoliSense®to back calibrate any zero offsets and remove these. This capability is patented by Pi and is unique in the marketplace.
Conclusion
The SoliSense®from Pi uses patented technology to
- give the widest range of any currently available optically based TSS sensor
- minimises the effect of colour on the measurement of TSS
- compensates for zero drift and ambient light.
All of which means that the SoliSense®is an extremely effective technology for continuously measuring Total Suspended Solids in industrial and municipal waste water treatment plants.
Probe Fouling
Many different sites ranging across the whole water industry have a daily struggle to keep instrumentation functioning correctly due to fouling. However, did you know that…
…self cleaning and self flushing systems are now available from Process Instruments for most types of sensors?
…these fouling removal systems can extend the life of sensors and drastically reduce maintenance regimes?
…Pi’s self cleaning/flushing systems are affordable, simple and trouble free by design?
Sensor Fouling
Whatever the process being monitored is, there is often something in the sample water capable of fouling a sensor, and therefore causing erroneous results. The obvious solution to this problem is to clean the sensor, but how regular should inspection and cleaning programs be for each piece of instrumentation? Too regular and the inspection and cleaning regime is time consuming and unnecessarily costly. Not often enough and the instrumentation will give false results and probably fail prematurely.
What is the solution?
Process Instruments’ AutoClean and AutoFlush Systems
Simple, reliable and easy to maintain, Process Instruments’AutoClean/AutoFlushsystems are an alternative to mechanical cleaning mechanisms which can clog and break. By regularly spraying the sensor/probe with clean water or air, the sensor remains clean and free from fouling for extended periods of time. The sensor cleaning cycle is activated by Pi’s controller for a user selectable length of time and frequency so that no matter how dirty the application, the probe remains clean. With no moving parts in the sensor body or in the cleaning attachment there is nothing to replace or check other than a simple valve positioned in an easy to reach location.
Pi’s AutoClean and AutoFlush systems can give trouble free and fouling free functioning of sensors for weeks, if not months, at a time.
A solution for each application
AutoClean
This option can be added to ourpH,ORP,Turbidity,Suspended SolidsandDissolved Oxygen (DO)sensors. Consisting of an end cap to direct the flow of clean water (or air for a DO sensor) across the face of the sensor blasting any dirt away. The cleaning is controlled by a single valve positioned in an easily accessible location.
AutoVerify
If using air to clean a DO sensor the system can also automatically verify that the sensor is still responding correctly, removing any need to remove the sensor from the sample for months at a time.
AutoFlush
For sensors that require flow cell mounting likeChlorine,OzoneandChlorine Dioxide, an Autoflush system has inbuilt valves which automatically start/stop the sample flow and control the flow of clean water past the probe. The user can set the flushing interval and duration to keep the flow cell and sensor clear from fouling. For particularly dirty or stubborn contaminants, warm water can be used as the flush water to aid cleaning.
With the above options, whatever the application or parameter being measured, Process Instruments will be able to provide a monitoring system that will not only be accurate, precise and long lasting but that will also remain free from fouling and save the operator both time and money.
| Document | Type | Size |
|---|---|---|
| SoliSense® | Brochure | 679kB |
| Total Suspended Solids Measurement – SoliSense® | Article | 592kB |
| Measurement of Suspended Solids | Technical Note | 742kB |
| SoliSense®for TSS Monitoring | Technical Note | 753kB |
| SoliSense®Mounting Options | Technical Note | 686kB |
| Probe Fouling | Technical Note | 459kB |
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FAQs
How do you measure total suspended solids in wastewater? ›
You can accurately calculate total suspended solids in wastewater by using a TSS sensor or monitor. These devices measure water in the region of 1,000 mg/L – 8% solids, indicating the presence of suspended solids in water.
How do you measure the concentration of suspended solids? ›A water sample is filtered through a pre-weighed glass fiber filter, capturing the solids larger than 2 um. Then, the filter is dried in an oven to remove remaining water and weighed again. The weight difference over the sample volume provides the TSS concentration in mg/L.
What is the permissible limit for total suspended solids? ›Explanation: The maximum permissible limit for suspended solids is 30mg/l for testing waste water which is set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is the difference between TSS and VSS? ›TSS/VSS: A sample is filtered through a glass fiber filter with 1.5 micron openings. The filter is dried in an oven at 103 C for 24 hours (TSS), and then placed in a 550 C furnace for 1 hour (VSS).
Which sensors measure suspended solids in water? ›Memosens sensor for suspended solids and turbidity measurement in water, wastewater and utilities.
Which instrument is used to measure TSS? ›The readings were measured using a multimeter. The linear correlation coefficient between the estimated total suspended solids and measured TSS was very high and the root mean square error was low.
Why do we measure TSS? ›Besides monitoring of the water used in the treatment process, it is important to measure TSS or turbidity during filter backwash operation because it helps in the process optimization, extends filter run times and provides additional savings on the energy cost.
Why do we measure suspended solids? ›Measuring suspended solids in water is used for control of various treatment processes and for examination of wastewater quality. The level of suspended solids (or total suspended solids) in water and wastewater affect the quality of the water and how it can be used.
What is typical TSS in wastewater? ›The most commonly used range is 100-300 mg/L BOD5 and 100-350 mg/L TSS (NSF Standard No. 40).
What causes high TSS in wastewater? ›High effluent suspended solids are usually caused by one of two conditions: either individual particles that will not settle are discharged or the sludge blanket in the clarifier washes out. Either of these can cause conditions 6 through 24 to occur.
How do you lower total suspended solids? ›
- Focus on removing TSS from wastewater first. ...
- Get a properly sized EQ tank. ...
- Control the pH of the waste stream. ...
- Install a modern plate pack DAF made of stainless steel or plastic. ...
- Use a regenerative turbine air dissolution pump.
The first step, chemical treatment, breaks the solids and liquids apart by automatically adding pretreatment chemicals such as pH adjusters, polymers (coagulants and flocculants) or clay. The second step, mechanical filtration, physically removes the precipitated solid particles from the sludge.
Are TSS and MLSS the same? ›MLSS & TSS are the same thing. Both measure total solids in a liquid sample. TSS usually refers to effluent solids, where MLSS is usually solids in the aeration basin.
What percentage of TSS is VSS? ›In the raw sewage water, you can assume the VSS around (30 - 40%) of total SS. However, the water treated after primary classifier has 65 - 80% VSS. Finally, the fraction of VSS in total SS depends on the type of wastewater. Hope this answer helps you.
What are the factors affecting TSS? ›Factors that Influence Turbidity. Suspended solids can be comprised of organic and inorganic materials such as sediment, algae, and other contaminants. However, there are specific factors that can affect turbidity levels in a body of water. These are water flow, point source pollution, land use and resuspension.
What test is a measure of the suspended solids in a water sample? ›Gravimetric analysis is the most common method of measuring total suspended solids in water.
Which sensors are used for water quality monitoring? ›TOC Sensor - Total organic carbon (TOC) is an important parameter for water quality analysis. It is used as a direct indicator and a surrogate for many water quality purposes. There are two different TOC measurement devices available on the market: TOC analyzers and TOC sensors.
How do you measure solids in water? ›Total solids are measured by weighing the amount of solids present in a known volume of sample. This is done by weighing a beaker, filling it with a known volume, evaporating the water in an oven and completely drying the residue, and then weighing the beaker with the residue.
How do you perform a total suspended solids test? ›To measure TSS, the water sample is filtered through a pre-weighed filter. The residue retained on the filter is dried in an oven at 103–105°C until the weight of the filter no longer changes. The increase in weight of the filter represents the TSS.
How do you measure the sensitivity of a measuring instrument? ›The sensitivity of an instrument is determined by dividing the sum of the resistance of the meter (Rm) and the series resistance (Rs), by the full-scale reading in volts.
What does high TSS mean? ›
High TSS in a water body can often mean higher concentrations of bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and metals in the water. These pollutants may attach to sediment particles on the land and be carried into water bodies with storm water.
What is the conclusion of total suspended solid lab report? ›8) CONCLUSION
From Total Suspended Solid (TSS) experiments, we can conclude that TSS is all particles suspended in water which will not pass through a filter. If the levels of TSS is increase, a water body begins to lose its ability to supprt a diversity of aquatic life.
Furthermore, major potentially harmful substances such as heavy metals, PAHs and organic matter are adsorbed onto TSS and later settle on sediment. Water quality criteria for TSS consequently enable the risk of wet-weather pollution to be assessed, for instance to avoid detrimental effects on aquatic organisms.
Does temperature affect TSS? ›TSS concentration and water temperature had a significant interactive effect on the fishes survival rate (p < 0.05). Higher water temperature leads to a decrease of the fishes survival rate as TSS concentration increased.
Are total suspended solids bad? ›Suspended solids can clog fish gills and cause increased levels of stress, which is often already amplified due to hypoxic conditions. Suspended solids that settle at the bottom of a river or lake can bury fish eggs, fish nursery areas, and invertebrate habitat, which can negatively impact the food chain.
Can suspended solids be filtered out? ›Suspended solids and other fine particles can be removed from liquid streams by passing them through filters. Filtration, typically used as a “polishing” step, refers to the capture of particles by passing water over or through one or more media.
Does reverse osmosis remove suspended solids? ›The process removes 95-99% of TDS (total dissolved solids), organic matter, bacteria and 99% of all suspended solids.
How much of suspended solids are typically removed during primary treatment? ›Primary treatment typically removes about one-third of the BOD and one-half of the suspended solids in domestic wastewaters.
What happens if MLSS is high? ›If the MLSS concentration is above the desired concentration, the wasting of the excess solids will have to be started or increased. If the MLSS concentration is below the desired concentration level, wasting should be decreased or stopped.
How do I increase my Mlvss in my aeration tank? ›You can increase MLSS by concentrating the liquid with maximum part of cow dung slurry and small amount of water in the mixture which can be utilized as feed. Second thing is to add specific microbes with the cow dung slurry which may enhance the concentration of solids in the effluent..
How much MLSS maintain in aeration tank? ›
The conventional plants are generally designed to maintain 3000-4000 mg/L MLSS in aeration tank.
How high are the chances of getting TSS? ›TSS was classically associated with high absorbency tampon use in menstruating women until eventually, these were taken off the market. Since that time, it has become important to also consider non-menstrual cases. The incidence of TSS is estimated to be around 0.8 to 3.4 per 100,000 in the United States.
What is the minimum percentage of solids in wastewater? ›It contains 99.9 percent water and 0.1 percent solids (partly organic and partly inorganic). The strength of the sewage may be expressed in terms of Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Suspended solids.
Can VSS be higher than TSS? ›It must be a typing mistake since TS = VS + NVS. No, it is impossible.
How can I increase my TSS? ›By adding ten or fifteen minutes of aerobic work to your training each week you can accumulate additional TSS and training every workout. Doing this can be easier than adding an additional aerobic workout to your training week, and it's an easy way to add additional TSS.
How do you remove suspended solids from water? ›Removal of suspended solids is generally achieved through the use of sedimentation and/or water filters (usually at a municipal level). By eliminating most of the suspended solids in a water supply, the significant water is usually rendered close to drinking quality.
How do you calculate TS TSS and TDS? ›Total solids (TS) is the sum of both the total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the process of water: TS = TSS + TDS.
How do you calculate TDS in water? ›Conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are water quality parameters, which are used to describe salinity level. These two parameters are correlated and usually expressed by a simple equation: TDS = k EC (in 25 0C).
What measures the amount of suspended particles in a water sample? ›Total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and water clarity are all methods of measuring the amount of sediment in waterbody.
How do you determine the suspended solids in a given sample of waste? ›Method summary
A measured volume (no more than 1 L) of sample is passed through a prepared, preweighed filter paper. The filter is dried at 104 ± 1°C. After drying the filter is reweighed and the TSS is calculated.